ueOD;wrefawmfrsm; uvmwGif
]]ESpfjcif;}} [laom trnfemray:vGifjcif;r&SdcJYyg/ taMumif; rSm c&pfESpf
1300 umvtxd ,HkMunfolwdkif; ESpfjcif; r*FvmudkcH,l&mwGif
a&üwpfudk,fvHk;udkESpf vdkufaom r*Fvmjzpfonf/ a&jzef;jcif;r&SdaomaMumihf
]]ESpfjcif;}} [lí oD;jcm;ac:qdkjcif;r&Sdyg/
c&pfESpf
200 rS 300 twGif; toif;awmfrsm;tm;vHk;\ usihfoHk;rIonf wlnDrI&SdcJYMuonf/
rSm;,Gif;aom ,HkMunfrIjzpfonhf c&pfawmfonf bk&m;jzpfjcif;ESihf
taoG;tom;jzihf
c&pfESpf
300 rS 400 twGif; toif;awmfrsm;wGif jiif;ckefrIrsm;&SdcJhaomfvnf; ]]
ESpfjcif;}} ESihf ywfoufaom taMumif;r[kwfyg/ ,HkMunfolrsm; ESpfjcif;r*Fvmudk
cH,lMuonf/ odkYaomf xdktcsdefumvwGif; a&mrNrdKUwGif EdkaA;&Sif; (Novation)qdkaom
yk*¾dKvfwpfOD;onf tdyf&mwGif a&avmif;jcif;udk cH,laomaMumihf
a&avmif;jcif;trIudk zsm;emaom olrsm;twGuf vkyfaqmifcJhonf/ odkYaomf
trsm;uvufrcHyg ]]a&ESpfjcif;}} r*FvmcH,lonf[k rowfrSwfcJhay/
c&pfESpf
400 rS 600 wGif toif;awmf ESpfjcif;ay;jcif;taMumif;ay:vmonf/
a&ESpfjcif;ESihf a&jzef;jcif;taMumif;t&monf jyóem r[kwfay/ jyefvnfí
]]AwådZH}} cH,ljcif;om jyóemjzpfonf/ tpOftvmt& usifhoHk;cJYaom
uav;oli,frsm; AwådZHr*FvmcH,ljcif;udk todtrSwfrjyKbJ 'kwd,tBudrf
AwådZHcH,laomolrsm; (Anabaptist) [kvnf;ac:a0:Muygonf/
c&pfESpf
900 rS 1000 twGif; ½kyfxkudk;uG,fjcif;? r,fawmfrm&dtm; udk;uG,fjcif;ESihf
vlt½kd;udk udk;uG,fjcif;paom usihfoHk;rIESihfqdkifaom jyóemrsm;udk awGUBuHKMu&onf/
odkYaomf ESpfjcif;cH,ljcif; wGif jyóemr&SdcJhay/
xdkuJYokdY
a'oEÅ&tkyfcsKyfa&;pepfjzihf tkyfcsKyfaom urÇmvHk;qdkif&m
toif;awmfBuD;onf at'D 1054 ckESpf a&mufaomtcg ,HkMunfjcif; (doctrine)? usihfoHk;rI (Practice)? 0wfjyKjcif; (Liturgy) EkdifiHa&; (Politics)? vlrsdK;a&; (Racial)? bmompum; (Language)? ESihfp½kduf (Character) uGmjcm;csufrsm;aMumihf
ESpfjcrf;uGJjym;cJYygonf/ Patriach Mechael
Cerularius OD;aqmifaom ta&SUydkif;toif;awmf (Eastern Church)udk *&dtoif;awmf (Greek Church)[kac:onhftjyif
ydkrdkausmfMum;aom emrnfjzpfonfh OR-THODOX
toif;awmf[kvnf;
ac:a0:orkwfMuygonf/ a&mromoemydkif Pope
Leo IX OD;aqmifaom
a&mrNrdKUawmf A[dkjyKonhf taemufydkif;toif;awmf (Western Church)udk vmwiftoif;awmf (Latin Church)[kac: qdkMuygonf/ odkY&mwGif
ydkrdkvlodrsm;aom emrnfrSm a&mrumodkvdyftoif;awmf (Roman Catholic Church)yifjzpfonf/
xdkodkYac:a0:&jcif;taMumif;rSm yifrtoif;awmfjzpfaom umodkvdyf (Catholic)toif;awmfudk a&mrjrdKU
tajcpdkuf omoemydkifu MuD;pdk;tkyfpdk;cJhaomaMumifh ¤if;MuD;pdk;rIudk
xifay:ap&ef a&mrumodkvdyftoif;awmf(Roman
Catholic Church) [kac:qdk&jcif;jzpfygonf/
1054 rS 1517ckESpftxd a&mrumodkvf (Roman Catholic Church) \ OD;aqmifOD;&GufjyKjcif;udk
toif;awmfrsm;u vdkufemMuonf/ tjcm;*dkPf;*Prsm;[lívnf;r&SdMuyg/
odkY&mwGif 1517 ckESpfrSpí
a&mrumodkvdrf\ OD;aqmifrIudk vufrcHbJ jiif;qdkcJYaom *smrPDEdkifiHrS
rmwifvlom (Martin Luther) \
acgif;aqmifrIjzihf (Protestant Churches) toif;awmfrsm; ay:aygufvmcJYygonf/
tpueOD;ü c&pf,meftoif;awmfrsm;udk
urÇmvHk;qdkif&m toif;awmf (Catholic Church)[k ac:cJYaomfvnf;
a'oEÅ&toif;awmfwdkif;? toif;awmfwdkif;onf rdrdwdkYbmomrdrdwdkY
tkyfpdk;ydkifcGihf (Self Autonomy of the Local churches)pepfjzihf tkyfpdk;Muygonf/
,HkMunfjcif;ESihf usifhoHk;rIqdkif tcuftcJjyóemwpfckck ay:aygufvmygu a'oEÅ&
toif;awmfacgif;aqmifrsm; toD;oD; pkpnf;vQuf aumifpDpnf;a0;usif;yum
0dkif;0ef;pOf;pm;vQuf tajz&SmMuygonf/
1521 ckESpfwGif *smrPDEdkifiHü
vlom&iftoif;awmfrsm;
1525 ckESpfwGif qGpfZmvefEdkifiHü Huldreich
Zwingli OD;aqmifaom toif;awmfrsm;
1533 ckESpfwGif jyifopfEdkifiHrS John
Calvin OD;aqmifaom (Presbyterian)
toif;awmfrsm;
1534 ckESpfwGif
t*FvefEdkifiHa&;ESihf yk*¾dKvfa&;t& a&mrumodkvdyf ESihf
cGJcGgaom Church of England (Anglican)toif;awmfrsm; ay:aygufvmcJYonf/
þodkY wdkif;jynftoD;oD;rS
a&mrumodkvdyftoif;awmfESihf uGJumrdrdwdkY udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfa&;pepf
jzihf EkdifiHawmftoif;awmfrsm; (National of Stae Churches) tjzpf&yfwnfMuygonf/
AwådZHay;yHkay;enf;ESihf pyfvsOf;í
pwifaqG;aEG;cJYonfrSm 1535 ESpfavmufuwnf;u Oa&mywdkuf wpfcGifwGif
pwifcJYNyD;jzpfygonf/ 1525 ckESpfwGif qGpfZmvef (Switzerland)EdkifiHrS toif;awmfjyKjyifa&;udk
pwifjyKvkyfcJYaom Hulderich Zwingli rS tpjyKvQuf,HkMunfcsufESihf
usihfoHk;rIqdkif&mtcsuftvufrsm;udk aqG;aEG;aomtcg tcsuf (4)csufay:wGif
yifrtoif;awmfrsm; eSihf pdwf0rf;uGJjym;rI&SdaMumif;awGU&ygonf/
¤if;tcsuf(4)csufrSm
(1)
,HkMunfaomolwdkif;onf
bk&m;&SifESihfwdkuf½kduf rdwfo[m,zGJYcGifh&aMumif;? ,HkMunfolwdkif;
onf ,Zfyka&m[dwf&mxl; cHpm;EdkifaMumif; (Priesthood of
all belivers)
(2) ,HkMunfjcif;ESihf
usifhoHk;rIydkif;wGif or®musrf;pmomvsif t"dutcsKyftjcmjzpfNyD;
toif;awmfonf tcsKyftjcmr[kwfaMumif; (Authority of the Bible
over the church)
(3) yGJawmfr*Fvm0wfonf c&pfawmf\ u,fwifjcif; trIawmfudkjyefvnfatmufarh owd&jcif;om
jzpfaMumif; (Eucharist as a rememberance of Christ salvific
work)
(4) ,HkMunfolrsm;\
a&xJodkY tukeftpifESpfjcif;omvsif ppfrSefaom Awådr*FvmjzpfaMumif; (Believer
baptism by immersion)
t*FvefEdkifiHrS
pwifaom AwådZHr*FvmcH,ljcif;/
t*FvefEdkifiHwGif ESpfjcif;toif;awmf[lí
xifxifay:ay: toif;awmf[lí r&Sdao;ay/ odkYaomf rdrdwdkY
udk,fwdkifESpfjcif;jzihfcH,laom tzGJYwpfzGJU&Sdonf/ ¤if;wdkYonf
tpOftvmt& usihfoHk;cJYaom uav;oli,frsm; AwådZHr*Fvm,ljcif;udk
todtrSwfrjyKbJ 'kwd,tBudrfAwådZHcH,l aomolrsm;a&zsef;jcif; (Anabaptist)[kac:Muonf/
Anabaptist rsm;onf ESpfjcif;c&pf,mef
toif;tzGJYBuD; jzpfay:ap&ef tjrifudk zGihfapjcif;onf ESpfjcif;ordkif;wGif
ay:aygufapcJYaom t&myifjzpfonf/ xdkuJYodkY &yfwnfrIaMumihf
*smrPDEdkifiHwGif a&mrumodkvdyftoif;awmfrS cGJxGufaomvlrsm; (Protestants) ESihfaomfvnf;aumif;?
y#dyu©rsm;pGmjzpfMuygonf/ Balthasar
Hubmaier qkdaomyk*¾dKvfonf
*smrPDEdkifiHwGif xkdudpöaMumifh acgif;jzwfcH&NyD; tavmif;udk
rD;½IdUjcif;cHcJY&ygonf/ a[mfvefEdkifiHwGif 1535 ckESpfü Charles (yÍörcsm;vfpfbk&if)
uvnf; ¤if;AwådZHjyefcHaom Anabaptists wdkYtm; rsm;pGmowfjzwfcJYygonf/
(2)ESpftawmtwGif;wGif ,HkMunfolaygif;oHk;aomif;ausmf towfcHcJY&ygonf/
þ Anabaptist
ESihf wenf;wpfzHk qufEG,faeaom John Smyth onf
ESpfjcif;,HkMunfjcif;udk tkwfjrpfcscJYygonf/
t*FvefEdkifiHwGif
EkdifiHawmftoif;awmftjzpf owfrSwfNyD; bk&ifrif;jrwf udk,fwdkifomoem awmf\
txG#ftxdyf (Head of the Church)tjzpf OD;pD;OD;aqmifcJYaom
t*FvDueftoif;awmfonf pwifcJYonfh 1534 ckESpfrS 1600ckESpftwGif; toif;awmfrsm;
wdk;wufvmcJYygonf/ ta&twGuftm; jzihf rsm;jym;vmcJYygonf/ odkY&mwGif
toif;awmftwGif; ,HkMunfjcif;ESihf usihfoHk;rI? c&pf,mef
touf&SifrIwdkYwGif wjznf;jznf;ESihf ,dkiG,if;vmcJYayonf/ xdkYaMumihf
þtoif;awmf\ ,dk,Gif;rIudk jyKjyif&eftwGuf t*FvDueftoif;awmfwGif
jyKjyifa&;orm;rsm; ay:xGufvmygawmhonf/ xdktoifawmfrsm;
jyKjyifa&;wGifvnf; tkyfpkESpfpk&Sdjyefygonf/ wpfzGJYonf toif;awmf\
tm;enf;rI? ,HkMunfjcif;ESihf touf&SifrIwdkYü ,dk,Gif;rIrsm;udk
toif;awmfabmif twGif;rSaeí jyKjyifajymif;vJum oefY&Sif;ap&ef
oabmxm;Muygonf/ xdkYaMumifh þtzGJYudk toif;awmfoefY&Sif;&ef vdkvm;olrsm;
tkyfpk (Puritans)[kac:Muygonf/ yifrtoif;awmfjzpfaom
t*FvDuef toif;awmfrS rcGJxGufMuyg/ ,dk,Gif;aom toif;awmf jyefvnfjyKjyif&ef
BudK;yrf;cJYaom 'kwd,tkyfpkurl toif;awmfabmiftwGif; rSmaeNyD;
toif;awmfrsm;jyKjyif ajymif;vJEkdif&Ef tvm;tvmvHk;0rawGUyg/
arQmfvihfcsufvnf; vHk;0OókH r&SdMuyg/ xkdYaMumihf toif;awmfabmifrS tjyifbufodkY
cGJxGufNyD; jyKjyif&ef qE´jyif;xefMuygonf/ xdkYaMumihf þtzGJUudk cGJxGufaomtzGJYrsm;
(Separatists)[kac:a0:Muygonf/
jyKjyifa&;udkpwifaom
tzGJYtpnf;ESpfckwGif cGJxGufa&;orm;rsm;onf yifrtoif;awmfjzpfaom t*FvDueftoif;awmfudk
a0zefykwfcwfMuygonf/ yiftoif;awmf yHkrSef0wfjyKudk;uG,fjcif;ü
e*kdrlvyg0ifonfhtwdkif;ryg0ifMuawmhyg/ oD;jcm;0wfjyKudk;uG,fMuygonf/
xdkYaMumihf omoemawmf\ tBuD;tuJ? txGwftxdyfjzpfaom t*FvefEdkifiH\
bk&ifrif;jrwfESihfwuG EkdifiHacgif;aqmifrsm; (omoemacgif;aqmifBuD;)rsm;u
þudpöudkvspfvsL½IMuyg/ Oyau©mrjyKEkdifyg/ jyif;xefpGmta&;,lvsuf
n§if;yef;ESdyfpufrIudk jyKjyifcJYygonf/ t*FvefEkdifiHwGif bmoma&;aMumihf
n§if;yef;ESdyfpufrI jyif;xefpGm a&muf&Sdvmygawmhonf/ xdkenf;wlpGm
tjcm;aom Oa&mywdkuf&SdEdkifiHrsm;wGifvnf; a&mrumodkvdyfrS cGJxGufrIaMumihf
aomfvnf;aumif;? cGJxGufaom tzGJYtpnf;rsm; toif;awmfrsm;tcsif;csif;Mum;ü
aomfvnf;aumif;? bmoma&;aMumihf
rNidrfrouf&Sdjcif;?n§if;yef;ESdyfpufjcif;rsm; &Sdvmygonf/
t*FvefEdkifiHwGif yifrtoif;awmfjzpfaom
t*Fveftoif;awmfjyKjyif&ef BudK;yrf;aeaom oefY&Sif;a&; vdkvm;aom tkyfpk
(Puritans)ESihfcGJxGufvsuf jyKjyifvdkaomtkyfpk (Separatists)wdkYtm;
&Sifbk&ifu jyif;xefpGm n§if;yef;ESdyfpufaomtcg þn§if;qJjcif;cH&aom
c&pf,mefrsm;onf Oa&mywdkufwpfcGifwGif bmoma&;n§if;qJrIr&Sdonfh
wpfckwnf;aom EkdifiHjzpfaom a[mfvefEdkifiH (Holland)odkY tpkvdkuf ajymif;a&TUvmMuygonf/
þodkY ajymif;a&TUoGm;aomtkyfpkxJwGif
Gainsborough NrdKUrS John
Smyth [kac:aom acgif;aqmifwpfOD;onf
ol\tzGJYESihf 1608 ckESpfwGif ajymif;a&TUvmMuygonf/ John Smyth onf
wpfcsdefu emrnfausmf Cambridge
University wGif
pmcsyk*¾dKvftjzpftrIxrf;aom ygarmu©wpfOD;jzpfygonf/ toif;awmf
jyKjyifajymif;vJrIudk txl;vdkvm;ygojzihf olonf ygarmu©&mxl;rS
tjzKwfcHvkduf&onf/
GainsboroughwGif oif;tkyfq&mtjzpf trIaqmifaomtcgüvnf;
w&m;yv’ifay:rSaeí toif;awmfrsm;jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;udk tm;ay;vsuf
wdkufwGef;EdI;aqmfaomaMumihf &mxl;rS tjzKwfcHvdkuf&jyefygonf/ 1608
ckESpfwGif ol\tzGJUESihf ajymif;a&TUum Amsterdam
NrdKUü aexdkifNyD; Holland EkdifiHwGif
'kwd, t*Fvdyfbmompum;ajymaom c&pf,meftoif;awmfudk pwifzGJYpnf; cJYygonf/
John
Smyth ESihf ol\ toif;awmfonf þtcsdefumvwGif
or®musrf;pmawmfjrwfudk EIdufEdIufcRwfcRwfavYvmMu&m atmufygtcsuftvufrsm;udk
topfwzefjyefvnfawGY&SdMuygonf/
(1)
uav;oli,frsm;tm;
AwådZHr*Fvmay;jcif; (Infant Baptism)onf or®musrf;pmawmfjrwf\
oGefoifcsufESihf vHk;0rudkufnDjcif;/
(2)
vlwpfOD;wpfa,mufonf
AwådZH r*FvmrcH,lrD ol\udk,fus ,HkMunfrI (Profession
of personal faith)udk
zGifh[ajymqdk&efvdktyfjcif;/
(3)
vlwdkif;vlwdkif;onf
bmomw&m;ü udk,fydkifvGwfvyfrI&Sdjcif;/ (Regligion
Liberty of the individual)
(4)
EdkifiHawmftkyfpdk;jcif;ESihf
toif;awmfta&;udpöonf oD;jcm;pDjzpfygonf/ (Separation
of church and state)
John Smyth onf 1612ckESpfwGif or®musrf;pmudk
tajccHNyD; aMunmcsufwpfckxkwfjyef&m ¤if;aMunmcsufxJwGif vlwpfOD;pD\ MowåyÜpdwfjzihf
qHk;jzwf&efESihf toif;awmfrsm;wdkYu vkdufavQmuf&ef trddefYtmPmESihf
ynwfcsufrsm;udk ay;Ekdifaomwpfyg;wnf;aom &Sifbk&ifonf
c&pfawmfomjzpfonf[k aMunmjcif;jzpfonf/ (Christ
only is the King and law giver of the church and conscience)
or®musrf;pmudk tajccHNyD;
awG;jrifxm;aom txufygtcsufrsm;ay:rlwnfvsuf John
SmythESihf ol\tzGJY (36)OD;wdkYonf
olwdkU\cH,lcJYNyD;aom uav;AwådZH (Infant
Baptism)udk w&m;0iftjzpf
vufrcHEdkifaomaMumihf 1609 ckESpfwGif John
Smyth onf rdrdudk rdrdAwådZHr*Fvm ay;NyD;
aemufol\tzGJY0if(36)OD;udkvnf; wpfOD;NyD;wpfOD; AwådZHr*Fvmay;cJYygonf/
þtcsdefü a&xJodkY ESpfjcif;r[kwfao;yg/ a&ESihfavmif;jcif; (Pouring) yifjzpfygonf/
xdkYaMumihf John ESihf ol\ taygif;tazmf(36)OD;wdkY
cH,laom AwådZHonf a&avmif;jcif;omjzpfygonf/ John
Smyth onf ESpfjcif;,HkMunfjcif;udk
tkwfjrpfcscJYygonf/ a&xJodkY tukeftpifESpfjcif; (Total immersion)udk
1612ckkESpfüom ESpfjcif;r*Fvmay;yHkay;enf; (Mode
of Baptsm)tjzpf w&m;0ifvufcHMuygonf/
xdkYaMumihf yxr ESpfjcif;toif;awmfudk Amsterdam
NrdKUü pwifwnfaxmifonf [kac:qdkEkdifayonf/
ESpfjcif;ay;yHkay;enf; (Mode of Baptism)
a&S;ueOD;toif;awmfrsm;onf
a&xJodkY tukeftpifESpfjcif; (Total
immersion)udk usihfoHk;aMumif;?
Ordkif;rSwfwrf;rSwf&mrsm;u oufaowlvsuf&Sdygonf/ yifrtoif;awmfESpfjcrff;
uGJNyD;aemufydkif; a&mruodkvdyf toif;awmfu AD
1311 ckESpfwGif usif;yaom Ravenna Council txda&xJodkY
tukeftpif usifhoHk;Muygonf/ xdkaumifpDwGif a&xJokdY ESpfjcif;udk
a&jzef;jcif; (Sprinkling)ESihf tpm;xdk;cJYygonf/
t*FvDueftoif;awmfüvnf; 1644 ckESpftxd
a&xJodkY tukeftpif ESpfjcif;udk usihfoHk;Muygonf/ odkY&mwGif
1644ckESpfü AwådZHay;yHkay;enf; (Mode
of Baptism)udkaqG;aEG;&m wGif
vkyf½kd;? vkyfpOftwdkif; a&xJodkY tukeftpifESpf&ef qE´&Sdaom udk,fpm;vS,f
(24)OD;om&SdNyD; a&zsef;jcif; (Sprinkling)
udk usihfoHk;zdkY&ef qE´&Sdol
udk,fpm;vS,f(25)OD;&Sdojzihf (1)rJjzihf tEkdif,lvsuf a&ESpfjcif;rS
a&jzef;jcif;odkY ajymif;vJvmcJYygonf/
t*FvefEdkifiH vef'efNrdKUwGif
pwifcJYaomESpfjcif;toif;awmf/
*Refprpf (John
Smyth)\ toif;om;wpfOD;jzpfaom
aiGaMu;(Thomas
Helwys) (1550-1616)onf
t*FvefwGifESpfjcif;toif;awmfudk yxrOD;qHk;pwif wnfaxmifoljzpfonf/ 1611
ckESpfwGif Thomas Helwys ESihf *Refprpf (John Symth) onf
oabmxm;rwdkufqdkifrIrsm; &SdaomaMumihf Thomas
Helwys ESihf taygif; tyg(10)OD;wdkYonf Amsterdam wGif&Sdaom
rifEdkEdkuf Menonites wdkYESihf qufoG,fvdkaom aMumihf
*Refprpf (John Smyth)ESihf cGJxGufcJYonf/ Thomas Helwys ESihf
tzGJUonf t*FvefEdkifiH vef'efodkY jyefvmcJYMuNyD; ESpfjcif;toif;awmfudk
(1611)ckESpfwGif wnfaxmifcJYavonf/ olonf bmoma&;vGwfvyfcGihfudk tav;xm;í BudK;yrf;cJYoljzpfonf/
t*Fvef&Sif bk&if*sdrf; (James)u oltm; e,l;*dwf (Newgate)axmifwGif
csKyfaESmifcJYNyD; (5)ESpftMumwGif uG,fvGefcJYavonf/ Thomas Helwys
onf t*FvefEdkifiHwGif
bmoma&;vGwfvyfcGihf umuG,fjcif;udk taumif;qHk;ESihf
txda&mufqHk;&&Sd&ef tpysdK;cJYaomoljzpfonf/
1642 ckESpfwGif t*FvefwGif
ESpfjcif;toif;awmf(2)yg;&SdNyD; 1644 ckkESpfwGif toif;awmf (7)yg;
wdk;yGm;cJYonf/ 1644 ckESpfwGif vef'efNrdKUwGif&Sdaom ESpfjcif;toif;awmf
(7)yg;onf ,HkMunfjcif;ESihf ywfoufaom
azmfjyjcif; aqG;aEG;jcif;rsm;jyKvkyfcJYMuonf/
18 &mpk tv,fydkif;avmufwGif
omoemjyKa&;Edk;Mum;rIonf wpfpwpfpESihf ay:vmNyD; 1792 ckESpfwGif
t*FvefjynfrS William Carey tpjyKaom
acwfay:omoemjyKvIyf&Sm;rIBuD; (Modern
Missionary Movement) ay:aygufvmcJJYygonf/
xdkvIyf&Sm;rItm;jzihf ESpfjcif;omoemjyKtzGJUrsm; (Baptist missionary Society)udkvnf; t*FvefEdkifiHwGif zGJUpnf;um
,aeYtxd omoemjyKvsuf&Sdygonf/
bmoma&;n§Of;qJrIaMumihf
t*FvefEdkifiHESihf Oa&mywdkuf&Sd tjcm;EkdifiHrsm;rS ,HkMunfolrsm;
tar&duefjynfodkY ajymif;a&TUvmMuygonf/ 1631 ckESpfrSpí
bmoma&;jyKjyifa&;orm;rsm; wpfpwpfpESihf a&muf&Sdvm&m
¤if;vlpkxJwGif t*FvDueftoif;awmfrS toif;awmftwGif; jyKjyifvdkol (Puritan) toif;awmfacgif;aqmif
Roger Williams vnf;a&muf&Sdvmygonf/
tar&duefjynfodkY a&muf&Sdvmaomtcg cGJxGufaom tawG;tac: (Separaist View)udk
vufcHygojzihf olonf toif;awmfrS ESifxkwfjcif;cH&ygonf/ aemufqHk;
olyxra&muf&Sd&m Massachusetts a'owGifyif aexdkifcGihfr&ygojzihf Providence (Rhode Island )e,fodkY ajymif;a&TUcJYygonf/ 1636 ckESpfwGif
bmomw&m;ü vHk;0vGwfvyfrIudkaMunmNyD; 1638 ckESpfwGif ESpfjcif;r*FvmcH,lum
tar&duefEkdifiHwGif yxrqHk;ESpfjcif;toif;awmf pwifwnfaxmifcJYygonf/
ESpfjcif;toif;awmfrsm;tzGJYpwifjcif;/ (The beginning of Baptist Association)
ESpfjcif;toif;awmfpwifwnfaxmifNyD;
toif;awmfrsm;onf rdwfo[m,zGJYjcif;udk ESpfjcif;toif;awmfrsm; pkaygif;um
jyKvkyfvmcJYMuonf/ toif;awmfEdk;Mum;rIrsm;&Sdvmum twlwuGyl;aygif;í
{0Ha*vdomoemjyKjcif;trIudk vkyfaqmifvmcJYMuonf/ toif;awmfrsm; pkpnf;NyD; toif;awmfrsm;tzGJU
(Association)[kac:wGif vmcJYonf/
jynfwGif;ppfjzpfaom (1642-1649)ckESpfwGif
t*FvefEdkifiHwGif jynfe,frsm; ay:xGufvmcJYonf/ 1653 ckESpfwGif t*Fvef&Sd
ESpfjcif;c&pf,mefrsm;vnf; omoeme,frsm;zGJUpnf;vmcJYonf/ toif;awmfrsm;onf
toif;awmfwpfyg;ESihfwpfyg; taMumif;aumif;pGmrodaomaMumihf wpfcgwpf&H
toif;awmf\ ta&;t&mrsm;udk aqG;aEG; wdkifyifrIrsm; jyKcJYMuavonf/